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Grade 27 Titanium vs. ASTM A229 Spring Steel

Grade 27 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while ASTM A229 spring steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 27 titanium and the bottom bar is ASTM A229 spring steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 110
190
Elongation at Break, % 27
14
Fatigue Strength, MPa 170
710 to 790
Poisson's Ratio 0.32
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 41
72
Shear Strength, MPa 180
1020 to 1140
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 270
1690 to 1890
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 230
1100 to 1230

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 420
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 320
400
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1660
1450
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1610
1410
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 540
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 21
50
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 8.7
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 3.6
7.2
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 7.1
8.3

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 37
1.8
Density, g/cm3 4.5
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 33
1.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 530
19
Embodied Water, L/kg 320
46

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 70
200 to 230
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 240
3260 to 4080
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 35
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 17
60 to 67
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 21
40 to 43
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 8.8
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 21
54 to 60

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.080
0.55 to 0.85
Hydrogen (H), % 0 to 0.015
0
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 0.2
97.5 to 99
Manganese (Mn), % 0
0.3 to 1.2
Nitrogen (N), % 0 to 0.030
0
Oxygen (O), % 0 to 0.18
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0
0 to 0.040
Ruthenium (Ru), % 0.080 to 0.14
0
Silicon (Si), % 0
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0
0 to 0.050
Titanium (Ti), % 99 to 99.92
0
Residuals, % 0 to 0.4
0