Grade 28 Titanium vs. ASTM Grade HP Steel
Grade 28 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while ASTM grade HP steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 27 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (7, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 28 titanium and the bottom bar is ASTM grade HP steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 200 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 11 to 17 | |
| 5.1 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 330 to 480 | |
| 130 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.28 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 40 | |
| 78 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 690 to 980 | |
| 490 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 540 to 810 | |
| 260 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 410 | |
| 320 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 330 | |
| 1100 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1640 | |
| 1370 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1590 | |
| 1330 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 550 | |
| 480 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 8.3 | |
| 12 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 9.9 | |
| 16 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 36 | |
| 34 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 4.5 | |
| 7.9 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 37 | |
| 5.8 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 600 | |
| 82 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 370 | |
| 220 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 87 to 110 | |
| 21 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 1370 to 3100 | |
| 170 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 35 | |
| 25 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 43 to 61 | |
| 17 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 39 to 49 | |
| 17 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 3.4 | |
| 3.2 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 47 to 66 | |
| 11 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 2.5 to 3.5 | |
| 0 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0.35 to 0.75 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 | |
| 24 to 28 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.25 | |
| 29.2 to 42.7 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 2.0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 33 to 37 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.15 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Ruthenium (Ru), % | 0.080 to 0.14 | |
| 0 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 2.5 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 92.4 to 95.4 | |
| 0 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 2.0 to 3.0 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |