Grade 28 Titanium vs. EN 1.6368 Steel
Grade 28 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while EN 1.6368 steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 28 titanium and the bottom bar is EN 1.6368 steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 11 to 17 | |
| 18 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 330 to 480 | |
| 310 to 330 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.29 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 40 | |
| 73 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 420 to 590 | |
| 410 to 430 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 690 to 980 | |
| 660 to 690 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 540 to 810 | |
| 460 to 490 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 410 | |
| 250 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 330 | |
| 410 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1640 | |
| 1460 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1590 | |
| 1420 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 550 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 8.3 | |
| 40 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 9.9 | |
| 13 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 1.3 | |
| 7.5 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 2.7 | |
| 8.6 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 36 | |
| 3.4 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 4.5 | |
| 7.9 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 37 | |
| 1.7 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 600 | |
| 22 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 370 | |
| 53 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 87 to 110 | |
| 110 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 1370 to 3100 | |
| 580 to 650 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 35 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 43 to 61 | |
| 23 to 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 39 to 49 | |
| 21 to 22 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 3.4 | |
| 11 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 47 to 66 | |
| 20 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 2.5 to 3.5 | |
| 0.015 to 0.040 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0 to 0.17 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.3 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
| 0.5 to 0.8 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.25 | |
| 95.1 to 97.2 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 0.8 to 1.2 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 | |
| 0.25 to 0.5 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 1.0 to 1.3 |
| Niobium (Nb), % | 0 | |
| 0.015 to 0.045 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 to 0.020 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.15 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.025 |
| Ruthenium (Ru), % | 0.080 to 0.14 | |
| 0 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 | |
| 0.25 to 0.5 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.010 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 92.4 to 95.4 | |
| 0 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 2.0 to 3.0 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |