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Grade 28 Titanium vs. Grade 34 Titanium

Both grade 28 titanium and grade 34 titanium are titanium alloys. They have a moderately high 94% of their average alloy composition in common.

For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 28 titanium and the bottom bar is grade 34 titanium.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 110
110
Elongation at Break, % 11 to 17
20
Fatigue Strength, MPa 330 to 480
310
Poisson's Ratio 0.32
0.32
Reduction in Area, % 22
34
Shear Modulus, GPa 40
41
Shear Strength, MPa 420 to 590
320
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 690 to 980
510
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 540 to 810
450

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 410
420
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 330
320
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1640
1660
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1590
1610
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 550
540
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 8.3
21
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 9.9
8.7

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 1.3
3.4
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 2.7
6.7

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 36
55
Density, g/cm3 4.5
4.5
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 37
33
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 600
530
Embodied Water, L/kg 370
200

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 87 to 110
100
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 1370 to 3100
960
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 35
35
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 43 to 61
31
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 39 to 49
31
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 3.4
8.4
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 47 to 66
39

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 2.5 to 3.5
0
Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.080
0 to 0.080
Chromium (Cr), % 0
0.1 to 0.2
Hydrogen (H), % 0 to 0.015
0 to 0.015
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 0.25
0 to 0.3
Nickel (Ni), % 0
0.35 to 0.55
Nitrogen (N), % 0 to 0.030
0 to 0.050
Oxygen (O), % 0 to 0.15
0 to 0.35
Palladium (Pd), % 0
0.010 to 0.020
Ruthenium (Ru), % 0.080 to 0.14
0.020 to 0.040
Titanium (Ti), % 92.4 to 95.4
98 to 99.52
Vanadium (V), % 2.0 to 3.0
0
Residuals, % 0
0 to 0.4