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Grade 28 Titanium vs. Grade 38 Titanium

Both grade 28 titanium and grade 38 titanium are titanium alloys. They have a very high 97% of their average alloy composition in common.

For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 28 titanium and the bottom bar is grade 38 titanium.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 110
110
Elongation at Break, % 11 to 17
11
Fatigue Strength, MPa 330 to 480
530
Poisson's Ratio 0.32
0.32
Reduction in Area, % 22
29
Shear Modulus, GPa 40
40
Shear Strength, MPa 420 to 590
600
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 690 to 980
1000
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 540 to 810
910

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 410
410
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 330
330
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1640
1620
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1590
1570
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 550
550
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 8.3
8.0
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 9.9
9.3

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 1.3
1.2
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 2.7
2.4

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 36
36
Density, g/cm3 4.5
4.5
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 37
35
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 600
560
Embodied Water, L/kg 370
160

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 87 to 110
110
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 1370 to 3100
3840
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 35
35
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 43 to 61
62
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 39 to 49
49
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 3.4
3.2
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 47 to 66
72

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 2.5 to 3.5
3.5 to 4.5
Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.080
0 to 0.080
Hydrogen (H), % 0 to 0.015
0 to 0.015
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 0.25
1.2 to 1.8
Nitrogen (N), % 0 to 0.030
0 to 0.030
Oxygen (O), % 0 to 0.15
0.2 to 0.3
Ruthenium (Ru), % 0.080 to 0.14
0
Titanium (Ti), % 92.4 to 95.4
89.9 to 93.1
Vanadium (V), % 2.0 to 3.0
2.0 to 3.0
Residuals, % 0
0 to 0.4