Grade 28 Titanium vs. Type 4 Magnetic Alloy
Grade 28 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while Type 4 magnetic alloy belongs to the nickel alloys. There are 28 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 28 titanium and the bottom bar is Type 4 magnetic alloy.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 11 to 17 | |
| 2.0 to 40 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 330 to 480 | |
| 220 to 400 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.31 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 40 | |
| 73 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 420 to 590 | |
| 420 to 630 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 690 to 980 | |
| 620 to 1100 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 540 to 810 | |
| 270 to 1040 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 410 | |
| 290 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 330 | |
| 900 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1640 | |
| 1420 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1590 | |
| 1370 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 550 | |
| 440 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 9.9 | |
| 11 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 1.3 | |
| 2.9 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 2.7 | |
| 3.0 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 36 | |
| 60 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 4.5 | |
| 8.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 37 | |
| 10 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 600 | |
| 140 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 370 | |
| 210 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 87 to 110 | |
| 22 to 200 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 1370 to 3100 | |
| 190 to 2840 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 12 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 35 | |
| 22 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 43 to 61 | |
| 19 to 35 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 39 to 49 | |
| 18 to 27 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 47 to 66 | |
| 21 to 37 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 2.5 to 3.5 | |
| 0 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.3 |
| Cobalt (Co), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.3 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.25 | |
| 9.5 to 17.5 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.8 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 | |
| 3.5 to 6.0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 79 to 82 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.15 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.010 |
| Ruthenium (Ru), % | 0.080 to 0.14 | |
| 0 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.020 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 92.4 to 95.4 | |
| 0 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 2.0 to 3.0 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |