Grade 32 Titanium vs. Grade 29 Titanium
Both grade 32 titanium and grade 29 titanium are titanium alloys. They have a very high 96% of their average alloy composition in common.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 32 titanium and the bottom bar is grade 29 titanium.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 110 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 11 | |
| 6.8 to 11 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 390 | |
| 460 to 510 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.32 |
| Reduction in Area, % | 28 | |
| 17 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 40 | |
| 40 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 460 | |
| 550 to 560 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 770 | |
| 930 to 940 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 670 | |
| 850 to 870 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 410 | |
| 410 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 310 | |
| 340 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1610 | |
| 1610 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1560 | |
| 1560 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 550 | |
| 560 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 7.5 | |
| 7.3 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 8.2 | |
| 9.3 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 1.0 | |
| 1.0 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 2.1 | |
| 2.0 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 38 | |
| 36 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 4.5 | |
| 4.5 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 32 | |
| 39 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 530 | |
| 640 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 180 | |
| 410 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 83 | |
| 62 to 100 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 2100 | |
| 3420 to 3540 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 35 | |
| 35 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 47 | |
| 58 to 59 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 41 | |
| 47 to 48 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 3.0 | |
| 2.9 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 63 | |
| 68 to 69 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 4.5 to 5.5 | |
| 5.5 to 6.5 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0 to 0.080 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 to 0.015 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.25 | |
| 0 to 0.25 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0.6 to 1.2 | |
| 0 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.11 | |
| 0 to 0.13 |
| Ruthenium (Ru), % | 0 | |
| 0.080 to 0.14 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.060 to 0.14 | |
| 0 |
| Tin (Sn), % | 0.6 to 1.4 | |
| 0 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 88.1 to 93 | |
| 88 to 90.9 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 0.6 to 1.4 | |
| 3.5 to 4.5 |
| Zirconium (Zr), % | 0.6 to 1.4 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.4 |