Grade 32 Titanium vs. Grade VDC Steel
Grade 32 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while grade VDC steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 25 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (7, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 32 titanium and the bottom bar is grade VDC steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 190 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.29 |
| Reduction in Area, % | 28 | |
| 50 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 40 | |
| 80 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 770 | |
| 1700 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 410 | |
| 250 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 310 | |
| 400 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1610 | |
| 1450 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1560 | |
| 1410 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 550 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 7.5 | |
| 51 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 8.2 | |
| 13 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 1.0 | |
| 7.1 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 2.1 | |
| 8.1 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 38 | |
| 1.9 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 4.5 | |
| 7.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 32 | |
| 1.4 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 530 | |
| 19 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 180 | |
| 47 |
Common Calculations
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 35 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 47 | |
| 60 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 41 | |
| 40 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 3.0 | |
| 14 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 63 | |
| 50 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 4.5 to 5.5 | |
| 0 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0.6 to 0.75 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.3 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.060 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.25 | |
| 98.3 to 99.35 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 0.5 to 1.0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0.6 to 1.2 | |
| 0 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.11 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.020 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.060 to 0.14 | |
| 0.15 to 0.3 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.020 |
| Tin (Sn), % | 0.6 to 1.4 | |
| 0 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 88.1 to 93 | |
| 0 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 0.6 to 1.4 | |
| 0 |
| Zirconium (Zr), % | 0.6 to 1.4 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |