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Grade 33 Titanium vs. Grade 28 Titanium

Both grade 33 titanium and grade 28 titanium are titanium alloys. They have a moderately high 94% of their average alloy composition in common.

For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 33 titanium and the bottom bar is grade 28 titanium.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 110
110
Elongation at Break, % 23
11 to 17
Fatigue Strength, MPa 250
330 to 480
Poisson's Ratio 0.32
0.32
Reduction in Area, % 34
22
Shear Modulus, GPa 41
40
Shear Strength, MPa 240
420 to 590
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 390
690 to 980
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 350
540 to 810

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 420
410
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 320
330
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1660
1640
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1610
1590
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 540
550
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 21
8.3
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 8.7
9.9

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 3.4
1.3
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 6.9
2.7

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 55
36
Density, g/cm3 4.5
4.5
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 33
37
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 530
600
Embodied Water, L/kg 200
370

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 86
87 to 110
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 590
1370 to 3100
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 35
35
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 24
43 to 61
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 26
39 to 49
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 8.7
3.4
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 30
47 to 66

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0
2.5 to 3.5
Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.080
0 to 0.080
Chromium (Cr), % 0.1 to 0.2
0
Hydrogen (H), % 0 to 0.015
0 to 0.015
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 0.3
0 to 0.25
Nickel (Ni), % 0.35 to 0.55
0
Nitrogen (N), % 0 to 0.030
0 to 0.030
Oxygen (O), % 0 to 0.25
0 to 0.15
Palladium (Pd), % 0.010 to 0.020
0
Ruthenium (Ru), % 0.020 to 0.040
0.080 to 0.14
Titanium (Ti), % 98.1 to 99.52
92.4 to 95.4
Vanadium (V), % 0
2.0 to 3.0
Residuals, % 0
0 to 0.4