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Grade 4 Titanium vs. AISI 312 Stainless Steel

Grade 4 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while AISI 312 stainless steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 32 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 4 titanium and the bottom bar is AISI 312 stainless steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 200
250
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 110
200
Elongation at Break, % 17
28
Fatigue Strength, MPa 340
370
Poisson's Ratio 0.32
0.27
Reduction in Area, % 28
56
Shear Modulus, GPa 41
80
Shear Strength, MPa 390
510
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 640
780
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 530
510

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 420
300
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 320
1100
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1660
1430
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1610
1390
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 540
480
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 19
16
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 9.4
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 3.1
2.1
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 6.3
2.5

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 37
17
Density, g/cm3 4.5
7.7
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 31
3.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 500
48
Embodied Water, L/kg 110
170

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 100
190
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 1330
640
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
15
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 35
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 40
28
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 37
24
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 7.6
4.3
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 46
21

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.080
0 to 0.030
Chromium (Cr), % 0
24 to 26
Hydrogen (H), % 0 to 0.015
0
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 0.5
62.2 to 69.2
Manganese (Mn), % 0
0 to 2.0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
1.2 to 2.0
Nickel (Ni), % 0
5.5 to 6.5
Nitrogen (N), % 0 to 0.050
0.14 to 0.2
Oxygen (O), % 0 to 0.4
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0
0 to 0.045
Silicon (Si), % 0
0 to 1.0
Sulfur (S), % 0
0 to 0.030
Titanium (Ti), % 98.6 to 100
0
Residuals, % 0 to 0.4
0