Grade 4 Titanium vs. AISI 316 Stainless Steel
Grade 4 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while AISI 316 stainless steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 32 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (5, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 4 titanium and the bottom bar is AISI 316 stainless steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 200 | |
| 160 to 360 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 200 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 17 | |
| 8.0 to 55 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 340 | |
| 210 to 430 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.28 |
| Reduction in Area, % | 28 | |
| 80 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 41 | |
| 78 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 390 | |
| 350 to 690 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 640 | |
| 520 to 1180 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 530 | |
| 230 to 850 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 420 | |
| 290 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 320 | |
| 590 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1660 | |
| 1400 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1610 | |
| 1380 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 540 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 19 | |
| 15 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 9.4 | |
| 16 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 3.1 | |
| 2.3 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 6.3 | |
| 2.6 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 37 | |
| 19 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 4.5 | |
| 7.9 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 31 | |
| 3.9 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 500 | |
| 53 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 110 | |
| 150 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 100 | |
| 85 to 260 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 1330 | |
| 130 to 1820 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 35 | |
| 25 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 40 | |
| 18 to 41 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 37 | |
| 18 to 31 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 7.6 | |
| 4.1 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 46 | |
| 11 to 26 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0 to 0.080 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 | |
| 16 to 18 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 62 to 72 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 2.0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 | |
| 2.0 to 3.0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 10 to 14 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 to 0.1 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.045 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.75 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 98.6 to 100 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |