Grade 4 Titanium vs. ASTM A27 Cast Steel
Grade 4 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while ASTM A27 cast steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 4 titanium and the bottom bar is ASTM A27 cast steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 17 | |
| 25 to 27 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 340 | |
| 170 to 230 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.29 |
| Reduction in Area, % | 28 | |
| 34 to 40 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 41 | |
| 73 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 640 | |
| 460 to 550 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 530 | |
| 230 to 310 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 420 | |
| 250 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 320 | |
| 400 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1660 | |
| 1460 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1610 | |
| 1420 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 540 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 19 | |
| 52 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 9.4 | |
| 12 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 3.1 | |
| 7.0 to 7.1 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 6.3 | |
| 8.1 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 37 | |
| 1.8 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 4.5 | |
| 7.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 31 | |
| 1.4 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 500 | |
| 18 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 110 | |
| 45 to 46 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 100 | |
| 96 to 120 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 1330 | |
| 140 to 260 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 35 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 40 | |
| 16 to 20 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 37 | |
| 17 to 19 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 7.6 | |
| 14 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 46 | |
| 15 to 18 |