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Grade 4 Titanium vs. ASTM Grade HF Steel

Grade 4 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while ASTM grade HF steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (5, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 4 titanium and the bottom bar is ASTM grade HF steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 200
160
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 110
200
Elongation at Break, % 17
29
Fatigue Strength, MPa 340
200
Poisson's Ratio 0.32
0.28
Shear Modulus, GPa 41
77
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 640
550
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 530
270

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 420
300
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 320
1000
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1660
1410
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1610
1370
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 540
480
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 19
16
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 9.4
16

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 3.1
2.1
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 6.3
2.4

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 37
17
Density, g/cm3 4.5
7.7
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 31
3.2
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 500
46
Embodied Water, L/kg 110
150

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 100
130
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 1330
180
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 35
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 40
20
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 37
19
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 7.6
4.2
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 46
12

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.080
0.2 to 0.4
Chromium (Cr), % 0
18 to 23
Hydrogen (H), % 0 to 0.015
0
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 0.5
60 to 73.8
Manganese (Mn), % 0
0 to 2.0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0 to 0.5
Nickel (Ni), % 0
8.0 to 12
Nitrogen (N), % 0 to 0.050
0
Oxygen (O), % 0 to 0.4
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0
0 to 2.0
Sulfur (S), % 0
0 to 0.040
Titanium (Ti), % 98.6 to 100
0
Residuals, % 0 to 0.4
0