Grade 4 Titanium vs. EN 1.4938 Stainless Steel
Grade 4 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while EN 1.4938 stainless steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (5, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 4 titanium and the bottom bar is EN 1.4938 stainless steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 200 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 17 | |
| 16 to 17 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 340 | |
| 390 to 520 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.28 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 41 | |
| 76 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 390 | |
| 540 to 630 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 640 | |
| 870 to 1030 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 530 | |
| 640 to 870 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 420 | |
| 270 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 320 | |
| 750 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1660 | |
| 1460 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1610 | |
| 1420 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 540 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 19 | |
| 30 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 9.4 | |
| 11 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 3.1 | |
| 2.9 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 6.3 | |
| 3.3 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 37 | |
| 10 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 4.5 | |
| 7.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 31 | |
| 3.3 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 500 | |
| 47 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 110 | |
| 110 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 100 | |
| 140 to 160 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 1330 | |
| 1050 to 1920 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 35 | |
| 25 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 40 | |
| 31 to 37 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 37 | |
| 26 to 29 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 7.6 | |
| 8.1 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 46 | |
| 30 to 35 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0.080 to 0.15 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 | |
| 11 to 12.5 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 80.5 to 84.8 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 0.4 to 0.9 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 | |
| 1.5 to 2.0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 2.0 to 3.0 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0.020 to 0.040 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.025 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.015 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 98.6 to 100 | |
| 0 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 0 | |
| 0.25 to 0.4 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |