Grade 4 Titanium vs. EN 1.8159 Steel
Grade 4 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while EN 1.8159 steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 25 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (8, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 4 titanium and the bottom bar is EN 1.8159 steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 200 | |
| 200 to 360 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 190 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.29 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 41 | |
| 73 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 640 | |
| 660 to 1980 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 420 | |
| 250 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 320 | |
| 420 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1660 | |
| 1460 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1610 | |
| 1410 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 540 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 19 | |
| 46 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 9.4 | |
| 13 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 3.1 | |
| 7.3 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 6.3 | |
| 8.4 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 37 | |
| 2.3 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 4.5 | |
| 7.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 31 | |
| 1.9 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 500 | |
| 26 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 110 | |
| 52 |
Common Calculations
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 35 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 40 | |
| 23 to 70 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 37 | |
| 21 to 45 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 7.6 | |
| 13 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 46 | |
| 19 to 58 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0.47 to 0.55 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 | |
| 0.9 to 1.2 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 96.4 to 97.8 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 0.7 to 1.1 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.035 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.4 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.035 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 98.6 to 100 | |
| 0 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 0 | |
| 0.1 to 0.25 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |