Grade 4 Titanium vs. SAE-AISI 1038 Steel
Grade 4 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while SAE-AISI 1038 steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 32 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (1, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 4 titanium and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI 1038 steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 200 | |
| 170 to 180 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 17 | |
| 14 to 20 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 340 | |
| 220 to 350 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.29 |
| Reduction in Area, % | 28 | |
| 40 to 45 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 41 | |
| 73 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 390 | |
| 370 to 390 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 640 | |
| 590 to 640 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 530 | |
| 320 to 540 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 420 | |
| 250 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 320 | |
| 400 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1660 | |
| 1460 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1610 | |
| 1420 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 540 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 19 | |
| 51 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 9.4 | |
| 12 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 3.1 | |
| 7.0 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 6.3 | |
| 8.0 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 37 | |
| 1.8 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 4.5 | |
| 7.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 31 | |
| 1.4 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 500 | |
| 18 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 110 | |
| 46 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 100 | |
| 83 to 100 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 1330 | |
| 270 to 790 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 35 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 40 | |
| 21 to 23 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 37 | |
| 20 to 21 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 7.6 | |
| 14 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 46 | |
| 19 to 20 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0.35 to 0.42 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 98.6 to 99.05 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 0.6 to 0.9 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 98.6 to 100 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |