Grade 4 Titanium vs. SAE-AISI H23 Steel
Grade 4 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys classification, while SAE-AISI H23 steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 21 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (13, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade 4 titanium and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI H23 steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 110 | |
| 200 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.32 | |
| 0.28 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 41 | |
| 80 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 640 | |
| 760 to 1550 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 420 | |
| 260 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1660 | |
| 1680 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1610 | |
| 1630 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 540 | |
| 440 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 19 | |
| 20 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 9.4 | |
| 12 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 37 | |
| 34 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 4.5 | |
| 8.7 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 31 | |
| 6.9 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 500 | |
| 110 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 110 | |
| 120 |
Common Calculations
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 35 | |
| 22 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 40 | |
| 24 to 49 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 37 | |
| 21 to 34 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 7.6 | |
| 5.2 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 46 | |
| 23 to 47 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.080 | |
| 0.25 to 0.35 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 | |
| 11 to 12.8 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.25 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 to 0.015 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 71.3 to 76.7 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 | |
| 0.15 to 0.4 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.3 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 | |
| 0.15 to 0.6 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 98.6 to 100 | |
| 0 |
| Tungsten (W), % | 0 | |
| 11 to 12.8 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 0 | |
| 0.75 to 1.3 |
| Residuals, % | 0 to 0.4 | |
| 0 |