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Grade VDC Steel vs. Grey Cast Iron

Both grade VDC steel and grey cast iron are iron alloys. They have a moderately high 95% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 24 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (9, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is grade VDC steel and the bottom bar is grey cast iron.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 510
160 to 300
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
180
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 80
69
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1700
160 to 450

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
280
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1450
1380
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1180
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
490
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 51
46
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
11

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.1
7.4
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.1
8.9

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.9
1.9
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.5
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
1.5
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 19
21
Embodied Water, L/kg 47
44

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 60
5.8 to 17
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 40
8.7 to 17
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
13
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 50
6.0 to 17

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.6 to 0.75
3.1 to 3.4
Chromium (Cr), % 0 to 0.3
0
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.060
0
Iron (Fe), % 98.3 to 99.35
92.1 to 93.9
Manganese (Mn), % 0.5 to 1.0
0.5 to 0.7
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.020
0 to 0.9
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.3
2.5 to 2.8
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.020
0 to 0.15