Grade VDC Steel vs. Titanium 4-4-2
Grade VDC steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while titanium 4-4-2 belongs to the titanium alloys. There are 23 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (9, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade VDC steel and the bottom bar is titanium 4-4-2.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 110 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.32 |
| Reduction in Area, % | 50 | |
| 20 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 80 | |
| 42 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 1700 | |
| 1150 to 1250 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 410 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 400 | |
| 310 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1450 | |
| 1610 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1410 | |
| 1560 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 540 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 51 | |
| 6.7 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 13 | |
| 8.6 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 1.9 | |
| 39 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 4.7 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 1.4 | |
| 30 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 19 | |
| 480 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 47 | |
| 180 |
Common Calculations
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 34 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 60 | |
| 68 to 74 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 40 | |
| 52 to 55 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 14 | |
| 2.6 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 50 | |
| 86 to 93 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 0 | |
| 3.0 to 5.0 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0.6 to 0.75 | |
| 0 to 0.080 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 to 0.3 | |
| 0 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 to 0.060 | |
| 0 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.015 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 98.3 to 99.35 | |
| 0 to 0.2 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.5 to 1.0 | |
| 0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 | |
| 3.0 to 5.0 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.25 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.020 | |
| 0 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.15 to 0.3 | |
| 0.3 to 0.7 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.020 | |
| 0 |
| Tin (Sn), % | 0 | |
| 1.5 to 2.5 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 0 | |
| 85.8 to 92.2 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.4 |