Grade VDC Steel vs. R30016 Cobalt
Grade VDC steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while R30016 cobalt belongs to the cobalt alloys. There are 23 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (12, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is grade VDC steel and the bottom bar is R30016 cobalt.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 220 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.28 |
| Reduction in Area, % | 50 | |
| 8.0 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 80 | |
| 85 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 1700 | |
| 1010 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 320 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1450 | |
| 1360 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1410 | |
| 1270 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 450 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 51 | |
| 15 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 13 | |
| 14 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 7.1 | |
| 1.9 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 8.1 | |
| 2.0 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 8.5 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 1.4 | |
| 7.7 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 19 | |
| 110 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 47 | |
| 500 |
Common Calculations
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 60 | |
| 33 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 40 | |
| 26 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 14 | |
| 3.9 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 50 | |
| 24 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0.6 to 0.75 | |
| 0.9 to 1.4 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 to 0.3 | |
| 28 to 32 |
| Cobalt (Co), % | 0 | |
| 49.6 to 66.9 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 to 0.060 | |
| 0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 98.3 to 99.35 | |
| 0 to 3.0 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.5 to 1.0 | |
| 0.5 to 2.0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 1.5 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 3.0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.020 | |
| 0 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.15 to 0.3 | |
| 0.2 to 2.0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.020 | |
| 0 |
| Tungsten (W), % | 0 | |
| 3.5 to 5.5 |