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Nickel 689 vs. ASTM A232 Spring Steel

Nickel 689 belongs to the nickel alloys classification, while ASTM A232 spring steel belongs to the iron alloys. There are 27 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (5, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is nickel 689 and the bottom bar is ASTM A232 spring steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 350
540
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 210
190
Elongation at Break, % 23
14
Fatigue Strength, MPa 420
1040
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Reduction in Area, % 21
46
Shear Modulus, GPa 80
73
Shear Strength, MPa 790
1090
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1250
1790
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 690
1610

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 330
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 990
420
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1440
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1390
1410
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 450
470
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
13

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 70
2.3
Density, g/cm3 8.5
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 11
2.0
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 150
28
Embodied Water, L/kg 330
51

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 240
250
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 14
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 23
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 41
64
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 30
42
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 35
53

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0.75 to 1.3
0
Boron (B), % 0.0030 to 0.010
0
Carbon (C), % 0.1 to 0.2
0.48 to 0.53
Chromium (Cr), % 18 to 20
0.8 to 1.1
Cobalt (Co), % 9.0 to 11
0
Iron (Fe), % 0 to 5.0
96.8 to 97.7
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 0.5
0.7 to 0.9
Molybdenum (Mo), % 9.0 to 10.5
0
Nickel (Ni), % 48.3 to 60.9
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.015
0 to 0.020
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.5
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.015
0 to 0.035
Titanium (Ti), % 2.3 to 2.8
0
Vanadium (V), % 0
0.15 to 0.3