SAE-AISI 1012 Steel vs. 2011 Aluminum
SAE-AISI 1012 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while 2011 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.
For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 1012 steel and the bottom bar is 2011 aluminum.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 71 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 21 to 31 | |
| 8.5 to 18 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 150 to 230 | |
| 74 to 120 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.33 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
| 27 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 230 to 250 | |
| 190 to 250 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 360 to 400 | |
| 310 to 420 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 200 to 330 | |
| 140 to 310 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 390 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 400 | |
| 190 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1470 | |
| 640 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1420 | |
| 540 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 870 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 53 | |
| 140 to 170 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 12 | |
| 23 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 6.9 | |
| 35 to 45 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 7.9 | |
| 100 to 130 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 1.8 | |
| 11 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.9 | |
| 3.1 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 1.4 | |
| 7.9 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 18 | |
| 150 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 45 | |
| 1150 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 80 to 93 | |
| 29 to 52 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 110 to 300 | |
| 140 to 680 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 44 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 13 to 14 | |
| 27 to 37 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 14 to 15 | |
| 32 to 40 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 14 | |
| 51 to 64 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 11 to 13 | |
| 14 to 19 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 0 | |
| 91.3 to 94.6 |
| Bismuth (Bi), % | 0 | |
| 0.2 to 0.6 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0.1 to 0.15 | |
| 0 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
| 5.0 to 6.0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 99.16 to 99.6 | |
| 0 to 0.7 |
| Lead (Pb), % | 0 | |
| 0.2 to 0.6 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.3 to 0.6 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.4 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 |
| Zinc (Zn), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.3 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.15 |