SAE-AISI 1021 Steel vs. Grade 19 Titanium
SAE-AISI 1021 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while grade 19 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys. There are 29 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 1021 steel and the bottom bar is grade 19 titanium.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 120 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 17 to 27 | |
| 5.6 to 17 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 190 to 300 | |
| 550 to 620 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.32 |
| Reduction in Area, % | 46 to 54 | |
| 22 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
| 47 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 310 to 320 | |
| 550 to 750 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 480 to 530 | |
| 890 to 1300 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 260 to 450 | |
| 870 to 1170 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 400 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 400 | |
| 370 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1460 | |
| 1660 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1420 | |
| 1600 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 520 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 52 | |
| 6.2 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 12 | |
| 9.1 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 1.8 | |
| 45 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.9 | |
| 5.0 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 1.4 | |
| 47 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 18 | |
| 760 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 46 | |
| 230 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 84 to 110 | |
| 70 to 150 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 180 to 530 | |
| 3040 to 5530 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 33 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 17 to 19 | |
| 49 to 72 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 17 to 18 | |
| 41 to 53 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 14 | |
| 2.4 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 15 to 17 | |
| 57 to 83 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 0 | |
| 3.0 to 4.0 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0.18 to 0.23 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 | |
| 5.5 to 6.5 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.020 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 98.8 to 99.22 | |
| 0 to 0.3 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.6 to 0.9 | |
| 0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 | |
| 3.5 to 4.5 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.12 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 0 | |
| 71.1 to 77 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 0 | |
| 7.5 to 8.5 |
| Zirconium (Zr), % | 0 | |
| 3.5 to 4.5 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.4 |