SAE-AISI 1040 Steel vs. AWS BNi-9

SAE-AISI 1040 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while AWS BNi-9 belongs to the nickel alloys. There are 19 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (14, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 1040 steel and the bottom bar is AWS BNi-9.

SAE-AISI 1040 (S40C, G10400) Carbon Steel AWS BNi-9 (N99612) Filler Metal

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa		190
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa		190

Poisson's Ratio		0.29
Poisson's Ratio		0.3

Shear Modulus, GPa		73
Shear Modulus, GPa		72

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa		570 to 640
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa		580

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g		250
Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g		300

Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C		1460
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C		1060

Melting Onset (Solidus), °C		1420
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C		1060

Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K		470
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K		480

Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K		12
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K		12

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative		1.8
Base Metal Price, % relative		60

Density, g/cm³		7.8
Density, g/cm³		8.4

Embodied Carbon, kg CO₂/kg material		1.4
Embodied Carbon, kg CO₂/kg material		9.3

Embodied Energy, MJ/kg		18
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg		130

Embodied Water, L/kg		46
Embodied Water, L/kg		260

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points		13
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points		12

Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points		24
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points		23

Strength to Weight: Axial, points		20 to 23
Strength to Weight: Axial, points		19

Strength to Weight: Bending, points		19 to 21
Strength to Weight: Bending, points		18

Thermal Shock Resistance, points		18 to 20
Thermal Shock Resistance, points		19

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), %		0
Aluminum (Al), %		0 to 0.050

Boron (B), %		0
Boron (B), %		3.3 to 4.0

Carbon (C), %		0.37 to 0.44
Carbon (C), %		0 to 0.060

Chromium (Cr), %		0
Chromium (Cr), %		13.5 to 16.5

Cobalt (Co), %		0
Cobalt (Co), %		0 to 0.1

Iron (Fe), %		98.6 to 99.03
Iron (Fe), %		0 to 1.5

Manganese (Mn), %		0.6 to 0.9
Manganese (Mn), %		0

Nickel (Ni), %		0
Nickel (Ni), %		77.1 to 83.3

Phosphorus (P), %		0 to 0.040
Phosphorus (P), %		0 to 0.020

Selenium (Se), %		0
Selenium (Se), %		0 to 0.0050

Sulfur (S), %		0 to 0.050
Sulfur (S), %		0 to 0.020

Titanium (Ti), %		0
Titanium (Ti), %		0 to 0.050

Zirconium (Zr), %		0
Zirconium (Zr), %		0 to 0.050

Residuals, %		0
Residuals, %		0 to 0.5