SAE-AISI 1040 Steel vs. Grade 33 Titanium
SAE-AISI 1040 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while grade 33 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (1, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 1040 steel and the bottom bar is grade 33 titanium.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 110 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 13 to 20 | |
| 23 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 220 to 340 | |
| 250 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.32 |
| Reduction in Area, % | 40 to 45 | |
| 34 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
| 41 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 350 to 390 | |
| 240 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 570 to 640 | |
| 390 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 320 to 530 | |
| 350 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 420 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 400 | |
| 320 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1460 | |
| 1660 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1420 | |
| 1610 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 540 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 51 | |
| 21 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 12 | |
| 8.7 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 7.0 | |
| 3.4 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 8.0 | |
| 6.9 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 1.8 | |
| 55 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 4.5 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 1.4 | |
| 33 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 18 | |
| 530 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 46 | |
| 200 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 79 to 96 | |
| 86 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 270 to 760 | |
| 590 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 35 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 20 to 23 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 19 to 21 | |
| 26 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 14 | |
| 8.7 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 18 to 20 | |
| 30 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0.37 to 0.44 | |
| 0 to 0.080 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 | |
| 0.1 to 0.2 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.015 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 98.6 to 99.03 | |
| 0 to 0.3 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.6 to 0.9 | |
| 0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 0.35 to 0.55 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.25 |
| Palladium (Pd), % | 0 | |
| 0.010 to 0.020 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 |
| Ruthenium (Ru), % | 0 | |
| 0.020 to 0.040 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 0 | |
| 98.1 to 99.52 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.4 |