SAE-AISI 1040 Steel vs. C31400 Bronze
SAE-AISI 1040 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while C31400 bronze belongs to the copper alloys. There are 29 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 1040 steel and the bottom bar is C31400 bronze.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 110 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 13 to 20 | |
| 6.8 to 29 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.33 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
| 42 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 350 to 390 | |
| 180 to 240 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 570 to 640 | |
| 270 to 420 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 320 to 530 | |
| 78 to 310 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 200 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 400 | |
| 180 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1460 | |
| 1040 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1420 | |
| 1010 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 380 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 51 | |
| 180 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 12 | |
| 18 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 7.0 | |
| 42 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 8.0 | |
| 43 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 1.8 | |
| 29 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 8.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 1.4 | |
| 2.6 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 18 | |
| 42 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 46 | |
| 310 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 79 to 96 | |
| 26 to 59 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 270 to 760 | |
| 28 to 420 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 7.1 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 18 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 20 to 23 | |
| 8.7 to 13 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 19 to 21 | |
| 11 to 14 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 14 | |
| 54 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 18 to 20 | |
| 9.6 to 15 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0.37 to 0.44 | |
| 0 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
| 87.5 to 90.5 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 98.6 to 99.03 | |
| 0 to 0.1 |
| Lead (Pb), % | 0 | |
| 1.3 to 2.5 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.6 to 0.9 | |
| 0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.7 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 |
| Zinc (Zn), % | 0 | |
| 5.8 to 11.2 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.4 |