SAE-AISI 1046 Steel vs. 3004 Aluminum
SAE-AISI 1046 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while 3004 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.
For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 1046 steel and the bottom bar is 3004 aluminum.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 190 to 210 | |
| 45 to 83 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 70 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 14 to 17 | |
| 1.1 to 19 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 240 to 390 | |
| 55 to 120 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.33 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 72 | |
| 26 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 410 to 450 | |
| 100 to 180 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 660 to 740 | |
| 170 to 310 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 370 to 610 | |
| 68 to 270 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 400 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 400 | |
| 180 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1460 | |
| 650 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1420 | |
| 630 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 900 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 51 | |
| 160 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 11 | |
| 24 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 11 | |
| 42 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 12 | |
| 140 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 1.8 | |
| 9.5 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 2.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 1.4 | |
| 8.3 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 18 | |
| 150 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 46 | |
| 1180 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 91 to 95 | |
| 3.2 to 27 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 360 to 990 | |
| 33 to 540 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 50 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 23 to 26 | |
| 18 to 31 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 22 to 23 | |
| 25 to 37 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 14 | |
| 65 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 23 to 25 | |
| 7.6 to 13 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 0 | |
| 95.6 to 98.2 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0.43 to 0.5 | |
| 0 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.25 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 98.4 to 98.9 | |
| 0 to 0.7 |
| Magnesium (Mg), % | 0 | |
| 0.8 to 1.3 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.7 to 1.0 | |
| 1.0 to 1.5 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.3 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 |
| Zinc (Zn), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.25 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.15 |