SAE-AISI 1046 Steel vs. ASTM A356 Grade 9
Both SAE-AISI 1046 steel and ASTM A356 grade 9 are iron alloys. They have a very high 97% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 1046 steel and the bottom bar is ASTM A356 grade 9.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 190 to 210 | |
| 200 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 14 to 17 | |
| 17 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 240 to 390 | |
| 310 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.29 |
| Reduction in Area, % | 39 to 50 | |
| 50 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 72 | |
| 73 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 660 to 740 | |
| 670 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 370 to 610 | |
| 460 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 260 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 400 | |
| 440 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1460 | |
| 1470 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1420 | |
| 1430 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 51 | |
| 41 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 11 | |
| 13 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 11 | |
| 7.5 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 12 | |
| 8.6 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 1.8 | |
| 3.6 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 7.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 1.4 | |
| 2.4 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 18 | |
| 33 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 46 | |
| 56 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 91 to 95 | |
| 100 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 360 to 990 | |
| 570 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 23 to 26 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 22 to 23 | |
| 22 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 14 | |
| 11 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 23 to 25 | |
| 19 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0.43 to 0.5 | |
| 0 to 0.2 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 | |
| 1.0 to 1.5 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 98.4 to 98.9 | |
| 95.2 to 97.2 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.7 to 1.0 | |
| 0.5 to 0.9 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 | |
| 0.9 to 1.2 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 to 0.035 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 | |
| 0.2 to 0.6 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 0 | |
| 0.2 to 0.35 |