SAE-AISI 1084 Steel vs. 2014 Aluminum
SAE-AISI 1084 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while 2014 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.
For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 1084 steel and the bottom bar is 2014 aluminum.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 72 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 11 | |
| 1.5 to 16 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 320 to 370 | |
| 90 to 160 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.33 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 72 | |
| 27 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 470 to 550 | |
| 130 to 290 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 780 to 930 | |
| 190 to 500 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 510 to 600 | |
| 100 to 440 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 240 | |
| 400 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 400 | |
| 210 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1450 | |
| 630 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1410 | |
| 510 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 870 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 51 | |
| 150 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 12 | |
| 23 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 7.1 | |
| 40 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 8.2 | |
| 120 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 1.8 | |
| 11 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 3.0 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 1.4 | |
| 8.1 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 19 | |
| 150 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 46 | |
| 1130 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 81 to 89 | |
| 6.6 to 56 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 700 to 960 | |
| 76 to 1330 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 46 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 28 to 33 | |
| 18 to 46 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 24 to 27 | |
| 25 to 46 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 14 | |
| 58 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 25 to 30 | |
| 8.4 to 22 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 0 | |
| 90.4 to 95 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0.8 to 0.93 | |
| 0 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.1 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
| 3.9 to 5.0 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 98.1 to 98.6 | |
| 0 to 0.7 |
| Magnesium (Mg), % | 0 | |
| 0.2 to 0.8 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.6 to 0.9 | |
| 0.4 to 1.2 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 | |
| 0.5 to 1.2 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.15 |
| Zinc (Zn), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.25 |
| Zirconium (Zr), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.2 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.15 |