SAE-AISI 1212 Steel vs. Grade 16 Titanium
SAE-AISI 1212 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while grade 16 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 1212 steel and the bottom bar is grade 16 titanium.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 110 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 11 to 28 | |
| 23 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 200 to 290 | |
| 240 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.32 |
| Reduction in Area, % | 39 to 51 | |
| 34 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
| 38 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 280 to 370 | |
| 250 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 440 to 620 | |
| 400 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 260 to 460 | |
| 340 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 420 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 400 | |
| 320 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1460 | |
| 1660 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1420 | |
| 1610 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 540 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 52 | |
| 22 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 12 | |
| 9.2 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 7.0 | |
| 3.6 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 8.1 | |
| 7.2 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 4.5 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 1.4 | |
| 36 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 18 | |
| 600 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 46 | |
| 230 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 64 to 110 | |
| 86 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 180 to 560 | |
| 550 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 35 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 15 to 22 | |
| 25 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 16 to 20 | |
| 27 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 14 | |
| 8.9 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 14 to 20 | |
| 29 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0 to 0.13 | |
| 0 to 0.080 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.015 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 98.5 to 99.07 | |
| 0 to 0.3 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.7 to 1.0 | |
| 0 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.25 |
| Palladium (Pd), % | 0 | |
| 0.040 to 0.080 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0.070 to 0.12 | |
| 0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0.16 to 0.23 | |
| 0 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 0 | |
| 98.8 to 99.96 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.4 |