SAE-AISI 4012 Steel vs. ASTM A369 Grade FPA
Both SAE-AISI 4012 steel and ASTM A369 grade FPA are iron alloys. Their average alloy composition is basically identical.
For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 4012 steel and the bottom bar is ASTM A369 grade FPA.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 130 | |
| 110 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 190 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 23 | |
| 27 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 160 | |
| 180 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.29 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
| 73 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 270 | |
| 240 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 420 | |
| 380 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 220 | |
| 240 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 250 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 400 | |
| 400 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1460 | |
| 1460 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1420 | |
| 1420 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 470 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 51 | |
| 52 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 13 | |
| 12 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 7.1 | |
| 7.1 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 8.1 | |
| 8.1 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 2.1 | |
| 1.8 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 7.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 1.5 | |
| 1.4 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 19 | |
| 18 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 47 | |
| 46 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 82 | |
| 89 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 130 | |
| 150 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 24 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 15 | |
| 13 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 16 | |
| 15 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 14 | |
| 14 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 12 | |
| 12 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0.090 to 0.14 | |
| 0 to 0.25 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 98.2 to 98.9 | |
| 98.3 to 99.63 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.75 to 1.0 | |
| 0.27 to 0.93 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0.15 to 0.25 | |
| 0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.035 | |
| 0 to 0.035 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.15 to 0.35 | |
| 0.1 to 0.5 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 to 0.035 |