SAE-AISI 4012 Steel vs. ASTM Grade HI Steel
Both SAE-AISI 4012 steel and ASTM grade HI steel are iron alloys. They have 55% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 4012 steel and the bottom bar is ASTM grade HI steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 130 | |
| 160 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 200 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 23 | |
| 11 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 160 | |
| 150 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.27 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
| 79 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 420 | |
| 550 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 220 | |
| 270 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 310 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 400 | |
| 1100 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1460 | |
| 1400 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1420 | |
| 1350 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 490 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 51 | |
| 15 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 13 | |
| 17 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 7.1 | |
| 2.1 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 8.1 | |
| 2.4 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 2.1 | |
| 23 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 7.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 1.5 | |
| 4.1 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 19 | |
| 59 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 47 | |
| 200 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 82 | |
| 52 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 130 | |
| 180 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 25 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 15 | |
| 20 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 16 | |
| 19 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 14 | |
| 3.9 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 12 | |
| 12 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0.090 to 0.14 | |
| 0.2 to 0.5 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 | |
| 26 to 30 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 98.2 to 98.9 | |
| 46.9 to 59.8 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.75 to 1.0 | |
| 0 to 2.0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0.15 to 0.25 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 14 to 18 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.035 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.15 to 0.35 | |
| 0 to 2.0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |