SAE-AISI 4028 Steel vs. Grade 28 Titanium
SAE-AISI 4028 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while grade 28 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 4028 steel and the bottom bar is grade 28 titanium.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
110 |
Elongation at Break, % | 14 to 23 | |
11 to 17 |
Fatigue Strength, MPa | 180 to 330 | |
330 to 480 |
Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
0.32 |
Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
40 |
Shear Strength, MPa | 310 to 380 | |
420 to 590 |
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 490 to 630 | |
690 to 980 |
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 260 to 520 | |
540 to 810 |
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
410 |
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 400 | |
330 |
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1460 | |
1640 |
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1420 | |
1590 |
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
550 |
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 49 | |
8.3 |
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 12 | |
9.9 |
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 7.1 | |
1.3 |
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 8.1 | |
2.7 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price, % relative | 2.1 | |
36 |
Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
4.5 |
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 1.5 | |
37 |
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 19 | |
600 |
Embodied Water, L/kg | 47 | |
370 |
Common Calculations
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 81 to 95 | |
87 to 110 |
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 180 to 720 | |
1370 to 3100 |
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
13 |
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
35 |
Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 17 to 22 | |
43 to 61 |
Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 18 to 21 | |
39 to 49 |
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 13 | |
3.4 |
Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 16 to 20 | |
47 to 66 |
Alloy Composition
Aluminum (Al), % | 0 | |
2.5 to 3.5 |
Carbon (C), % | 0.25 to 0.3 | |
0 to 0.080 |
Hydrogen (H), % | 0 | |
0 to 0.015 |
Iron (Fe), % | 98.1 to 98.7 | |
0 to 0.25 |
Manganese (Mn), % | 0.7 to 0.9 | |
0 |
Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0.2 to 0.3 | |
0 |
Nitrogen (N), % | 0 | |
0 to 0.030 |
Oxygen (O), % | 0 | |
0 to 0.15 |
Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.035 | |
0 |
Ruthenium (Ru), % | 0 | |
0.080 to 0.14 |
Silicon (Si), % | 0.15 to 0.35 | |
0 |
Sulfur (S), % | 0.035 to 0.050 | |
0 |
Titanium (Ti), % | 0 | |
92.4 to 95.4 |
Vanadium (V), % | 0 | |
2.0 to 3.0 |
Residuals, % | 0 | |
0 to 0.4 |