SAE-AISI 4028 Steel vs. C72700 Copper-nickel
SAE-AISI 4028 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while C72700 copper-nickel belongs to the copper alloys. There are 29 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 4028 steel and the bottom bar is C72700 copper-nickel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 120 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 14 to 23 | |
| 4.0 to 36 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.34 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
| 44 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 310 to 380 | |
| 310 to 620 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 490 to 630 | |
| 460 to 1070 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 260 to 520 | |
| 580 to 1060 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 210 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 400 | |
| 200 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1460 | |
| 1100 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1420 | |
| 930 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 380 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 49 | |
| 54 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 12 | |
| 17 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 7.1 | |
| 11 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 8.1 | |
| 11 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 2.1 | |
| 36 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 8.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 1.5 | |
| 4.0 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 19 | |
| 62 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 47 | |
| 350 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 81 to 95 | |
| 20 to 380 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 180 to 720 | |
| 1420 to 4770 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 7.4 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 19 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 17 to 22 | |
| 14 to 34 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 18 to 21 | |
| 15 to 26 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 13 | |
| 16 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 16 to 20 | |
| 16 to 38 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0.25 to 0.3 | |
| 0 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
| 82.1 to 86 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 98.1 to 98.7 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Lead (Pb), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.020 |
| Magnesium (Mg), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.15 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.7 to 0.9 | |
| 0.050 to 0.3 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0.2 to 0.3 | |
| 0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 8.5 to 9.5 |
| Niobium (Nb), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.1 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.035 | |
| 0 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.15 to 0.35 | |
| 0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0.035 to 0.050 | |
| 0 |
| Tin (Sn), % | 0 | |
| 5.5 to 6.5 |
| Zinc (Zn), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.3 |