SAE-AISI 4028 Steel vs. C96200 Copper-nickel
SAE-AISI 4028 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while C96200 copper-nickel belongs to the copper alloys. There are 28 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 4028 steel and the bottom bar is C96200 copper-nickel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 120 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 14 to 23 | |
| 23 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.34 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
| 46 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 490 to 630 | |
| 350 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 260 to 520 | |
| 190 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 220 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 400 | |
| 220 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1460 | |
| 1150 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1420 | |
| 1100 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 390 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 49 | |
| 45 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 12 | |
| 17 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 7.1 | |
| 11 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 8.1 | |
| 11 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 2.1 | |
| 36 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 8.9 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 1.5 | |
| 3.8 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 19 | |
| 58 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 47 | |
| 300 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 81 to 95 | |
| 68 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 180 to 720 | |
| 150 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 7.8 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 19 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 17 to 22 | |
| 11 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 18 to 21 | |
| 13 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 16 to 20 | |
| 12 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0.25 to 0.3 | |
| 0 to 0.1 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
| 83.6 to 90 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 98.1 to 98.7 | |
| 1.0 to 1.8 |
| Lead (Pb), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.010 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.7 to 0.9 | |
| 0 to 1.5 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0.2 to 0.3 | |
| 0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 9.0 to 11 |
| Niobium (Nb), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 1.0 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.035 | |
| 0 to 0.020 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.15 to 0.35 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0.035 to 0.050 | |
| 0 to 0.020 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |