SAE-AISI 4140 Steel vs. 4032 Aluminum
SAE-AISI 4140 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while 4032 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.
For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 4140 steel and the bottom bar is 4032 aluminum.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 200 to 310 | |
| 120 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 73 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 11 to 26 | |
| 6.7 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 360 to 650 | |
| 110 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.33 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
| 28 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 410 to 660 | |
| 260 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 690 to 1080 | |
| 390 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 590 to 990 | |
| 320 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 570 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 420 | |
| 180 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1460 | |
| 570 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1420 | |
| 530 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 900 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 43 | |
| 140 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 13 | |
| 19 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 7.3 | |
| 34 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 8.4 | |
| 120 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 2.4 | |
| 10 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 2.6 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 1.5 | |
| 7.8 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 20 | |
| 140 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 51 | |
| 1030 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 74 to 180 | |
| 25 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 920 to 2590 | |
| 700 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 15 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 53 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 25 to 38 | |
| 41 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 22 to 30 | |
| 45 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 12 | |
| 59 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 20 to 32 | |
| 20 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 0 | |
| 81.1 to 87.2 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0.38 to 0.43 | |
| 0 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0.8 to 1.1 | |
| 0 to 0.1 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
| 0.5 to 1.3 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 96.8 to 97.8 | |
| 0 to 1.0 |
| Magnesium (Mg), % | 0 | |
| 0.8 to 1.3 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.75 to 1.0 | |
| 0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0.15 to 0.25 | |
| 0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 0.5 to 1.3 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.035 | |
| 0 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.15 to 0.35 | |
| 11 to 13.5 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 |
| Zinc (Zn), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.25 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.15 |