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SAE-AISI 4140 Steel vs. ASTM A232 Spring Steel

Both SAE-AISI 4140 steel and ASTM A232 spring steel are iron alloys. Their average alloy composition is basically identical. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 4140 steel and the bottom bar is ASTM A232 spring steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 200 to 310
540
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 11 to 26
14
Fatigue Strength, MPa 360 to 650
1040
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
73
Shear Strength, MPa 410 to 660
1090
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 690 to 1080
1790
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 590 to 990
1610

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 420
420
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1410
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 43
52
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.3
7.3
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.4
8.4

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.4
2.3
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.5
2.0
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 20
28
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
51

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 74 to 180
250
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 25 to 38
64
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 22 to 30
42
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 12
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 20 to 32
53

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.38 to 0.43
0.48 to 0.53
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.1
0.8 to 1.1
Iron (Fe), % 96.8 to 97.8
96.8 to 97.7
Manganese (Mn), % 0.75 to 1.0
0.7 to 0.9
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.15 to 0.25
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.035
0 to 0.020
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.035
Vanadium (V), % 0
0.15 to 0.3