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SAE-AISI 4140 Steel vs. EN 2.4951 Nickel

SAE-AISI 4140 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while EN 2.4951 nickel belongs to the nickel alloys.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 4140 steel and the bottom bar is EN 2.4951 nickel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 200 to 310
200
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 11 to 26
34
Fatigue Strength, MPa 360 to 650
200
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
76
Shear Strength, MPa 410 to 660
500
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 690 to 1080
750
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 590 to 990
270

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
320
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 420
1150
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1360
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1310
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
460
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 43
12
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.3
1.6
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.4
1.7

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.4
60
Density, g/cm3 7.8
8.5
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.5
9.3
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 20
130
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
280

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 74 to 180
200
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 920 to 2590
190
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
23
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 25 to 38
25
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 22 to 30
22
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 12
3.1
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 20 to 32
23

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0
0 to 0.3
Carbon (C), % 0.38 to 0.43
0.080 to 0.15
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.1
18 to 21
Cobalt (Co), % 0
0 to 5.0
Copper (Cu), % 0
0 to 0.5
Iron (Fe), % 96.8 to 97.8
0 to 5.0
Manganese (Mn), % 0.75 to 1.0
0 to 1.0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.15 to 0.25
0
Nickel (Ni), % 0
65.4 to 81.7
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.035
0 to 0.020
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 1.0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.015
Titanium (Ti), % 0
0.2 to 0.6