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SAE-AISI 4150 Steel vs. 2218 Aluminum

SAE-AISI 4150 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while 2218 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 4150 steel and the bottom bar is 2218 aluminum.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 200 to 380
95 to 110
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
73
Elongation at Break, % 12 to 20
6.8 to 10
Fatigue Strength, MPa 260 to 780
110
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.33
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
27
Shear Strength, MPa 410 to 800
210 to 250
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 660 to 1310
330 to 430
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 380 to 1220
260 to 310

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
390
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 420
220
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
640
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
510
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
870
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 42
140
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
22

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.3
37
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.4
110

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.4
11
Density, g/cm3 7.8
3.1
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.5
8.2
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 20
150
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
1130

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 82 to 180
27 to 31
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 380 to 3930
450 to 650
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
45
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 24 to 47
30 to 39
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 22 to 34
34 to 41
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 11
52
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 19 to 39
15 to 19

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0
88.8 to 93.6
Carbon (C), % 0.48 to 0.53
0
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.1
0 to 0.1
Copper (Cu), % 0
3.5 to 4.5
Iron (Fe), % 96.7 to 97.7
0 to 1.0
Magnesium (Mg), % 0
1.2 to 1.8
Manganese (Mn), % 0.75 to 1.0
0 to 0.2
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.15 to 0.25
0
Nickel (Ni), % 0
1.7 to 2.3
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.035
0
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 0.9
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0
Zinc (Zn), % 0
0 to 0.25
Residuals, % 0
0 to 0.15