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SAE-AISI 4320 Steel vs. SAE-AISI 9254 Steel

Both SAE-AISI 4320 steel and SAE-AISI 9254 steel are iron alloys. They have a very high 98% of their average alloy composition in common.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 4320 steel and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI 9254 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 160 to 240
200
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 21 to 29
20
Fatigue Strength, MPa 320
280
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
72
Shear Strength, MPa 370 to 500
410
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 570 to 790
660
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 430 to 460
410

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
270
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 420
410
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1440
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1400
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
480
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 46
46
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 11
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.4
7.4
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.5
8.6

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 3.4
2.2
Density, g/cm3 7.9
7.7
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.7
1.5
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 22
20
Embodied Water, L/kg 52
49

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 140 to 150
110
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 480 to 560
450
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 20 to 28
24
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 19 to 24
22
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 13
12
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 19 to 27
20

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.17 to 0.22
0.51 to 0.59
Chromium (Cr), % 0.4 to 0.6
0.6 to 0.8
Iron (Fe), % 95.8 to 97
96.1 to 97.1
Manganese (Mn), % 0.45 to 0.65
0.6 to 0.8
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.2 to 0.3
0
Nickel (Ni), % 1.7 to 2.0
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.035
0 to 0.035
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
1.2 to 1.6
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.040