SAE-AISI 4340 Steel vs. Grade 12 Titanium
SAE-AISI 4340 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while grade 12 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (1, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 4340 steel and the bottom bar is grade 12 titanium.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 210 to 360 | |
| 170 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 110 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 12 to 22 | |
| 21 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 330 to 740 | |
| 280 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.32 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
| 39 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 430 to 770 | |
| 330 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 690 to 1280 | |
| 530 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 470 to 1150 | |
| 410 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 420 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 430 | |
| 320 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1460 | |
| 1660 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1420 | |
| 1610 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 540 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 44 | |
| 21 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 13 | |
| 9.6 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 7.5 | |
| 3.3 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 8.6 | |
| 6.6 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 3.5 | |
| 37 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 4.5 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 1.7 | |
| 31 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 22 | |
| 500 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 53 | |
| 110 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 79 to 170 | |
| 110 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 590 to 3490 | |
| 770 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 35 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 24 to 45 | |
| 32 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 22 to 33 | |
| 32 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 12 | |
| 8.5 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 20 to 38 | |
| 37 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0.38 to 0.43 | |
| 0 to 0.080 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0.7 to 0.9 | |
| 0 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.015 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 95.1 to 96.3 | |
| 0 to 0.3 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.6 to 0.8 | |
| 0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0.2 to 0.3 | |
| 0.2 to 0.4 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 1.7 to 2.0 | |
| 0.6 to 0.9 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.25 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.035 | |
| 0 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.15 to 0.35 | |
| 0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 0 | |
| 97.6 to 99.2 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.4 |