SAE-AISI 4340 Steel vs. Grade 21 Titanium
SAE-AISI 4340 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while grade 21 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys. There are 28 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 4340 steel and the bottom bar is grade 21 titanium.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 140 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 12 to 22 | |
| 9.0 to 17 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 330 to 740 | |
| 550 to 660 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.32 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
| 51 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 430 to 770 | |
| 550 to 790 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 690 to 1280 | |
| 890 to 1340 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 470 to 1150 | |
| 870 to 1170 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 410 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 430 | |
| 310 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1460 | |
| 1740 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1420 | |
| 1690 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 500 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 44 | |
| 7.5 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 13 | |
| 7.1 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 3.5 | |
| 60 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 5.4 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 1.7 | |
| 32 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 22 | |
| 490 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 53 | |
| 180 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 79 to 170 | |
| 110 to 180 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 590 to 3490 | |
| 2760 to 5010 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 32 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 24 to 45 | |
| 46 to 69 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 22 to 33 | |
| 38 to 50 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 12 | |
| 2.8 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 20 to 38 | |
| 66 to 100 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 0 | |
| 2.5 to 3.5 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0.38 to 0.43 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0.7 to 0.9 | |
| 0 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.015 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 95.1 to 96.3 | |
| 0 to 0.4 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.6 to 0.8 | |
| 0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0.2 to 0.3 | |
| 14 to 16 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 1.7 to 2.0 | |
| 0 |
| Niobium (Nb), % | 0 | |
| 2.2 to 3.2 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.17 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.035 | |
| 0 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.15 to 0.35 | |
| 0.15 to 0.25 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 0 | |
| 76 to 81.2 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.4 |