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SAE-AISI 4340M Steel vs. 238.0 Aluminum

SAE-AISI 4340M steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while 238.0 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys. There are 29 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (6, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 4340M steel and the bottom bar is 238.0 aluminum.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
76
Elongation at Break, % 6.0
1.5
Fatigue Strength, MPa 690
110
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.33
Shear Modulus, GPa 72
28
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 2340
210
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1240
170

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 280
430
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 430
170
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1440
600
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1400
510
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 480
840
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 38
100
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
21

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.8
25
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 9.1
67

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 3.9
12
Density, g/cm3 7.8
3.4
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.9
7.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 26
140
Embodied Water, L/kg 55
1040

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 120
2.9
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 4120
180
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
12
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 25
42
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 84
17
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 51
23
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 10
37
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 70
9.1

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0
81.9 to 84.9
Carbon (C), % 0.38 to 0.43
0
Chromium (Cr), % 0.7 to 1.0
0
Copper (Cu), % 0
9.5 to 10.5
Iron (Fe), % 93.3 to 94.8
1.0 to 1.5
Magnesium (Mg), % 0
0 to 0.25
Manganese (Mn), % 0.65 to 0.9
0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.35 to 0.45
0
Nickel (Ni), % 1.7 to 2.0
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.012
0
Silicon (Si), % 1.5 to 1.8
3.6 to 4.4
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.012
0
Vanadium (V), % 0.050 to 0.1
0
Zinc (Zn), % 0
1.0 to 1.5