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SAE-AISI 4340M Steel vs. 390.0 Aluminum

SAE-AISI 4340M steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while 390.0 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (5, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 4340M steel and the bottom bar is 390.0 aluminum.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 710
120
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
75
Elongation at Break, % 6.0
1.0
Fatigue Strength, MPa 690
76 to 110
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.33
Shear Modulus, GPa 72
28
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 2340
280 to 300
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1240
240 to 270

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 280
640
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 430
170
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1440
650
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1400
560
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 480
880
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 38
130
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
18

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.8
24 to 25
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 9.1
79 to 83

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 3.9
11
Density, g/cm3 7.8
2.7
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.9
7.3
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 26
130
Embodied Water, L/kg 55
950

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 120
2.7 to 2.9
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 4120
380 to 470
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
15
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 25
52
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 84
28 to 30
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 51
35 to 36
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 10
56
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 70
14 to 15

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0
74.5 to 79.6
Carbon (C), % 0.38 to 0.43
0
Chromium (Cr), % 0.7 to 1.0
0
Copper (Cu), % 0
4.0 to 5.0
Iron (Fe), % 93.3 to 94.8
0 to 1.3
Magnesium (Mg), % 0
0.45 to 0.65
Manganese (Mn), % 0.65 to 0.9
0 to 0.1
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.35 to 0.45
0
Nickel (Ni), % 1.7 to 2.0
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.012
0
Silicon (Si), % 1.5 to 1.8
16 to 18
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.012
0
Titanium (Ti), % 0
0 to 0.2
Vanadium (V), % 0.050 to 0.1
0
Zinc (Zn), % 0
0 to 0.1
Residuals, % 0
0 to 0.2