SAE-AISI 4340M Steel vs. AWS E312

Both SAE-AISI 4340M steel and AWS E312 are iron alloys. They have 62% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 21 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (14, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 4340M steel and the bottom bar is AWS E312.

SAE-AISI 4340M (300M, K44220) Silicon-Vanadium Steel AWS E312 (W31310) Weld Metal

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa		190
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa		200

Elongation at Break, %		6.0
Elongation at Break, %		25

Poisson's Ratio		0.29
Poisson's Ratio		0.27

Shear Modulus, GPa		72
Shear Modulus, GPa		80

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa		2340
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa		740

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g		280
Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g		310

Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C		1440
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C		1410

Melting Onset (Solidus), °C		1400
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C		1360

Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K		480
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K		480

Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K		13
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K		15

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative		3.9
Base Metal Price, % relative		20

Density, g/cm³		7.8
Density, g/cm³		7.7

Embodied Carbon, kg CO₂/kg material		1.9
Embodied Carbon, kg CO₂/kg material		3.6

Embodied Energy, MJ/kg		26
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg		52

Embodied Water, L/kg		55
Embodied Water, L/kg		200

Common Calculations

PREN (Pitting Resistance)		2.2
PREN (Pitting Resistance)		31

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points		13
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points		15

Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points		25
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points		25

Strength to Weight: Axial, points		84
Strength to Weight: Axial, points		27

Strength to Weight: Bending, points		51
Strength to Weight: Bending, points		24

Thermal Shock Resistance, points		70
Thermal Shock Resistance, points		18

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), %		0.38 to 0.43
Carbon (C), %		0 to 0.15

Chromium (Cr), %		0.7 to 1.0
Chromium (Cr), %		28 to 32

Copper (Cu), %		0
Copper (Cu), %		0 to 0.75

Iron (Fe), %		93.3 to 94.8
Iron (Fe), %		52.3 to 63.5

Manganese (Mn), %		0.65 to 0.9
Manganese (Mn), %		0.5 to 2.5

Molybdenum (Mo), %		0.35 to 0.45
Molybdenum (Mo), %		0 to 0.75

Nickel (Ni), %		1.7 to 2.0
Nickel (Ni), %		8.0 to 10.5

Phosphorus (P), %		0 to 0.012
Phosphorus (P), %		0 to 0.040

Silicon (Si), %		1.5 to 1.8
Silicon (Si), %		0 to 1.0

Sulfur (S), %		0 to 0.012
Sulfur (S), %		0 to 0.030

Vanadium (V), %		0.050 to 0.1
Vanadium (V), %		0