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SAE-AISI 4820 Steel vs. SAE-AISI 4012 Steel

Both SAE-AISI 4820 steel and SAE-AISI 4012 steel are iron alloys. Both are furnished in the annealed condition. They have a very high 96% of their average alloy composition in common.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 4820 steel and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI 4012 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 170
130
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 21
23
Fatigue Strength, MPa 260
160
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
73
Shear Strength, MPa 360
270
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 570
420
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 370
220

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 410
400
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 51
51
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 11
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.6
7.1
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.7
8.1

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 4.3
2.1
Density, g/cm3 7.9
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.8
1.5
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 24
19
Embodied Water, L/kg 53
47

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 110
82
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 370
130
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 20
15
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 19
16
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 19
12

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.18 to 0.23
0.090 to 0.14
Iron (Fe), % 94.6 to 95.7
98.2 to 98.9
Manganese (Mn), % 0.5 to 0.7
0.75 to 1.0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.2 to 0.3
0.15 to 0.25
Nickel (Ni), % 3.3 to 3.8
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.035
0 to 0.035
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.040