SAE-AISI 4820 Steel vs. SAE-AISI 4012 Steel
Both SAE-AISI 4820 steel and SAE-AISI 4012 steel are iron alloys. Both are furnished in the annealed condition. They have a very high 96% of their average alloy composition in common.
For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 4820 steel and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI 4012 steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
Brinell Hardness | 170 | |
130 |
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
190 |
Elongation at Break, % | 21 | |
23 |
Fatigue Strength, MPa | 260 | |
160 |
Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
0.29 |
Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
73 |
Shear Strength, MPa | 360 | |
270 |
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 570 | |
420 |
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 370 | |
220 |
Thermal Properties
Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
250 |
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 410 | |
400 |
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1460 | |
1460 |
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1420 | |
1420 |
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
470 |
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 51 | |
51 |
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 11 | |
13 |
Electrical Properties
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 7.6 | |
7.1 |
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 8.7 | |
8.1 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
Base Metal Price, % relative | 4.3 | |
2.1 |
Density, g/cm3 | 7.9 | |
7.8 |
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 1.8 | |
1.5 |
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 24 | |
19 |
Embodied Water, L/kg | 53 | |
47 |
Common Calculations
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 110 | |
82 |
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 370 | |
130 |
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
13 |
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
24 |
Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 20 | |
15 |
Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 19 | |
16 |
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 14 | |
14 |
Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 19 | |
12 |
Alloy Composition
Carbon (C), % | 0.18 to 0.23 | |
0.090 to 0.14 |
Iron (Fe), % | 94.6 to 95.7 | |
98.2 to 98.9 |
Manganese (Mn), % | 0.5 to 0.7 | |
0.75 to 1.0 |
Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0.2 to 0.3 | |
0.15 to 0.25 |
Nickel (Ni), % | 3.3 to 3.8 | |
0 |
Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.035 | |
0 to 0.035 |
Silicon (Si), % | 0.15 to 0.35 | |
0.15 to 0.35 |
Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
0 to 0.040 |