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SAE-AISI D3 Steel vs. 2018 Aluminum

SAE-AISI D3 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while 2018 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys. There are 28 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI D3 steel and the bottom bar is 2018 aluminum.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
73
Elongation at Break, % 9.8 to 15
9.6
Fatigue Strength, MPa 310 to 940
120
Poisson's Ratio 0.28
0.33
Shear Modulus, GPa 74
27
Shear Strength, MPa 470 to 1220
270
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 770 to 2050
420
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 480 to 1550
310

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 270
390
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1430
640
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1390
510
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 480
870
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 31
150
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
22

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 3.0
40
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 3.5
120

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 8.0
11
Density, g/cm3 7.7
3.1
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 3.2
8.1
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 48
150
Embodied Water, L/kg 100
1130

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 97 to 180
37
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 14
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 25
45
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 28 to 74
38
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 24 to 47
41
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 8.3
57
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 23 to 63
19

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0
89.7 to 94.4
Carbon (C), % 2.0 to 2.4
0
Chromium (Cr), % 11 to 13.5
0 to 0.1
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.25
3.5 to 4.5
Iron (Fe), % 80.3 to 87
0 to 1.0
Magnesium (Mg), % 0
0.45 to 0.9
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 0.6
0 to 0.2
Nickel (Ni), % 0 to 0.3
1.7 to 2.3
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.030
0
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.6
0 to 0.9
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.030
0
Tungsten (W), % 0 to 1.0
0
Vanadium (V), % 0 to 1.0
0
Zinc (Zn), % 0
0 to 0.25
Residuals, % 0
0 to 0.15