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SAE-AISI D3 Steel vs. 2124 Aluminum

SAE-AISI D3 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while 2124 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys. There are 28 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI D3 steel and the bottom bar is 2124 aluminum.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
71
Elongation at Break, % 9.8 to 15
5.7
Fatigue Strength, MPa 310 to 940
130
Poisson's Ratio 0.28
0.33
Shear Modulus, GPa 74
27
Shear Strength, MPa 470 to 1220
280
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 770 to 2050
490
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 480 to 1550
430

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 270
390
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1430
640
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1390
500
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 480
880
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 31
150
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
23

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 3.0
38
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 3.5
110

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 8.0
10
Density, g/cm3 7.7
3.0
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 3.2
8.2
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 48
150
Embodied Water, L/kg 100
1150

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 97 to 180
27
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 14
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 25
46
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 28 to 74
45
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 24 to 47
46
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 8.3
58
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 23 to 63
21

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0
91.3 to 94.7
Carbon (C), % 2.0 to 2.4
0
Chromium (Cr), % 11 to 13.5
0 to 0.1
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.25
3.8 to 4.9
Iron (Fe), % 80.3 to 87
0 to 0.3
Magnesium (Mg), % 0
1.2 to 1.8
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 0.6
0.3 to 0.9
Nickel (Ni), % 0 to 0.3
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.030
0
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.6
0 to 0.2
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.030
0
Titanium (Ti), % 0
0 to 0.15
Tungsten (W), % 0 to 1.0
0
Vanadium (V), % 0 to 1.0
0
Zinc (Zn), % 0
0 to 0.25
Residuals, % 0
0 to 0.15