SAE-AISI D3 Steel vs. Grade 20 Titanium
SAE-AISI D3 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while grade 20 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys. There are 23 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (9, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI D3 steel and the bottom bar is grade 20 titanium.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 120 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 9.8 to 15 | |
| 5.7 to 17 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 310 to 940 | |
| 550 to 630 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.28 | |
| 0.32 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 74 | |
| 47 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 470 to 1220 | |
| 560 to 740 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 770 to 2050 | |
| 900 to 1270 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 480 to 1550 | |
| 850 to 1190 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 270 | |
| 400 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1430 | |
| 1660 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1390 | |
| 1600 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 480 | |
| 520 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 12 | |
| 9.6 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.7 | |
| 5.0 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 3.2 | |
| 52 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 48 | |
| 860 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 100 | |
| 350 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 97 to 180 | |
| 71 to 150 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 14 | |
| 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 25 | |
| 33 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 28 to 74 | |
| 50 to 70 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 24 to 47 | |
| 41 to 52 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 23 to 63 | |
| 55 to 77 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 0 | |
| 3.0 to 4.0 |
| Carbon (C), % | 2.0 to 2.4 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 11 to 13.5 | |
| 5.5 to 6.5 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 to 0.25 | |
| 0 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.020 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 80.3 to 87 | |
| 0 to 0.3 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 to 0.6 | |
| 0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 | |
| 3.5 to 4.5 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 to 0.3 | |
| 0 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.12 |
| Palladium (Pd), % | 0 | |
| 0.040 to 0.080 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 0.6 | |
| 0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 0 | |
| 71 to 77 |
| Tungsten (W), % | 0 to 1.0 | |
| 0 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 0 to 1.0 | |
| 7.5 to 8.5 |
| Zirconium (Zr), % | 0 | |
| 3.5 to 4.5 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.4 |