SAE-AISI D3 Steel vs. Grade 21 Titanium
SAE-AISI D3 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while grade 21 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys. There are 26 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (6, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI D3 steel and the bottom bar is grade 21 titanium.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 140 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 9.8 to 15 | |
| 9.0 to 17 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 310 to 940 | |
| 550 to 660 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.28 | |
| 0.32 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 74 | |
| 51 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 470 to 1220 | |
| 550 to 790 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 770 to 2050 | |
| 890 to 1340 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 480 to 1550 | |
| 870 to 1170 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 270 | |
| 410 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1430 | |
| 1740 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1390 | |
| 1690 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 480 | |
| 500 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 31 | |
| 7.5 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 12 | |
| 7.1 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 8.0 | |
| 60 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.7 | |
| 5.4 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 3.2 | |
| 32 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 48 | |
| 490 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 100 | |
| 180 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 97 to 180 | |
| 110 to 180 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 14 | |
| 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 25 | |
| 32 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 28 to 74 | |
| 46 to 69 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 24 to 47 | |
| 38 to 50 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 8.3 | |
| 2.8 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 23 to 63 | |
| 66 to 100 |
Alloy Composition
| Aluminum (Al), % | 0 | |
| 2.5 to 3.5 |
| Carbon (C), % | 2.0 to 2.4 | |
| 0 to 0.050 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 11 to 13.5 | |
| 0 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 to 0.25 | |
| 0 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.015 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 80.3 to 87 | |
| 0 to 0.4 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 to 0.6 | |
| 0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0 | |
| 14 to 16 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 to 0.3 | |
| 0 |
| Niobium (Nb), % | 0 | |
| 2.2 to 3.2 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.17 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 0.6 | |
| 0.15 to 0.25 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 0 | |
| 76 to 81.2 |
| Tungsten (W), % | 0 to 1.0 | |
| 0 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 0 to 1.0 | |
| 0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.4 |